Name - Chateau d'Usson
Location - Rouze
Department - Ariege 09
State - ChateauRuin
The Chateau d'Usson is one of the so-called Cathar castles in what is now southwestern France. It is located in the commune of Rouze, in the Ariege departement. It is sited upstream from Axat, along the Aude River gorge, carved out of the foothills of the Pyrenees.
It is situated at 920 m in altitude and dominates the valley of the Aude River. The Chateau de Puilaurens is 30 km away, Chateau de Puivert 49 km and Chateau de Queribus 60 km. Chateau d'Usson is listed as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.
The castle dates from the 11th century (perhaps earlier) and during the Cathar period marked the eastern boundary of the territories of the Counts of Foix. In the 12th century this was the capital of the Donezan region. Before the defile was cut through the mountains to link Quillan to Axat, this was an inaccessible outpost providing succour for faidits and other persecuted Cathars. The Cathar bishop of Toulouse Guilhabert de Castres is known to have taken refuge here.
Towards the end of the wars against the Cathars this was one of their last sanctuaries, providing support for Montsegur. The seigneurs of Usson, Bernard d'Alion, lord of the Chateau de Montaillou, and his brother Arnaud d'Usson sent arms and supplies to their besieged comrades there. On March 15, 1244, the day before 225 Cathar parfaits were burned alive at Montsegur, four other parfaits left the castle there for Usson, where the Cathar treasure had been evacuated a few months earlier. This mystery has fed a number of theories about the equally mysterious treasure supposedly found at Rennes-le-Chateau in the 19th century.
Bernard d'Alion was burned alive at Perpignan in 1258. The castle was rebuilt as a French border fortress, and given by Louis XIV to the new Marquis d'Usson. Like other seigneural residences it was sold as communal property at the French Revolution, after which time it was used as a stone quarry.
Not far away is the Chateau de Donezan, where Cathars were still holding out eleven years after the fall of Montsegur.
